Core Sphere Minimum Quantities in Humanitarian Action
| Sector | Sphere Minimum Standard | Critical Field Consideration |
|---|---|---|
| Covered Living Space | 3.5 m² per person (net) | Increases to 4.5–5.5 m² in cold climates where heating is needed indoors |
| Potable Water Supply | 15 Litres / person / day | Covers basic drinking (3L), cooking (4L), and personal hygiene (8L) |
| Sanitation Facilities | Max 20 persons per latrine | Gender-segregated 3:1 ratio for women; minimum 30m away from groundwater |
| Food Energy Requirement | 2,100 kcal / person / day | Adjusted for temperature, physical activity, and micronutrient fortification |
| Water Point Distance | Max 500m from dwelling | Queuing time should not exceed 30 minutes at peak hours |
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the minimum covered living space per person under Sphere standards?
The Sphere minimum standard is 3.5 square metres of covered living space per person, excluding cooking facilities and exterior circulation corridors. In cold climates or where displaced persons spend significant time indoors, 4.5 to 5.5 m² per person is recommended.
How many litres of water per person per day are required in emergency camps?
Sphere standards specify a minimum of 15 litres of potable water per person per day for drinking, cooking, and basic hygiene. In acute survival phases, a bare minimum of 7.5 litres/person/day is required to sustain life.
What is the latrine-to-person ratio in humanitarian camp planning?
A maximum of 20 persons per latrine or toilet cubicle is permitted. Latrines must be gender-segregated, lockable from inside, well-lit, and positioned within 50 metres of shelters but at least 30 metres away from groundwater sources.
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